In Spanish Morocco, to conceive a child, especially a male child, is the primary interest of the Moroccan woman. The type of neurosis described appears frequently when the number of daughters exceeds that of sons, as well as if the 1st child is a girl. The gravity of the disorder, which is a state of obsessive anxiety with phobic symptoms, anxiety fits, and complicated by asthenic symptoms in others, increases with repeated births of girls. Eventually the mother begins to demand birth control measures. These, however, are not used more than a few mo. If a woman loses some of her sons, so that she now has more daughters than sons, this also leads to the neurosis of relative sterility, so that even women in menopause may demand of the physician dangerous treatments in order to promote conception. The suggested neurotic mechanism is thought to be penis envy: it is sublimated through identification with a male offspring.