Investigated mental disorder in (a) 4,500 hospitalizations between 1961-1963 and between 1969-1972 to compare incidences over a decade, and (b) 3,800 outpatient case histories between 1969-1971 to determine latest trends. The data were classified by diagnosis, age, sex, marital status, number of children, geographic location, history of hospitalizations, and length of illness. It is reported that markedly increased incidences have occurred in schizophrenia, depression, neuroses, psychosomatic illness, alcoholism, and suicide. Epilepsy, mental subnormality, manic-depressive syndromes, and senile psychoses have remained stable. Organic (especially puerperal) psychoses have declined. The increased incidences and changing age, sex, and geographical distributions are explained by rapid sociocultural changes since political independence. The content of delusions also reflects the evolution of beliefs away from tradition, and new medical attitudes and fallacies have contributed to the widespread eruption of psychosomatic illness. Stable and declining incidences are interpreted as being due to improved medical services and family planning programs.