Reports biographic and psychiatric characteristics of 6,095 patients seen by Lebanese psychiatrists during 6 mo in 1964. Lebanese Moslems and Christians conform to customs that may acquire quasi-legal status. The effects of religious affiliation were sought in an examination of the psychiatric datOverall care rates are lower for Moslems than Christians, and are especially low for Moslem women. More specifically, this pattern is found in care given for brain disorders, mental retardation, and psychotic, personality, and psychophysiologic disorders. For personality disorders, the sex difference is much more striking than the religious difference. The sex difference is reversed for rates of care for neurotic disorders. The varying availability of service is considered to be responsible for some differences, but causes for sex and diagnostic interactions with religion are seen as rooted in the Lebanese religious tradition.