The diagnosis and management of 200 cases of self-poisoning due to orally ingested crude opium in Iran is reported and discussed. Gastric lavage supported when necessary by nalorphine was effective treatment in the majority of cases because of the slow absorption of opium. Mechanical ventilation was required in twelve cases (6%) only. There were three deaths; two of these were due to pulmonary oedema which was apparently not the result of hypoxia.