A formidable weapon of psychological warfare that is not of recent origin. It is most effective in ambiguous situations and where needs are involved. It is used to disrupt morale, as a smoke screen, as bait, and to discredit news sources. Accustoming the public to trust official reports, developing faith in public and military leaders, giving as many facts as possible and fighting rumor mongers are given as tested counter measures. Examples are given from the Palestine war where thousands of refugees fled their homes as a result of panic rumors spread by the Zionists. English summary.