The method used for obtaining data on the prevalence of licit and illicit drug abuse in Jordan during the period under study (1970 - 1977), included indirect measurements or indicators and direct estimates of abuse in different localities of Jordan. The study has shown changing patterns and trends of abuse of illicit drugs (hashish and other opiates) and licit psychoactive drugs (mainly tranquilizers and barbiturates) obtained on prescription. The incidence of licit drug abuse has been rising steadily in recent years. Drug abusers belong to a wide range of socio-economic backgrounds, occupations, and age groups. The findings were viewed in a broader socio-cultural context. The implications for prevention and intervention are discussed as well as the need for developing an adequate information system.