Legal medicine in Egypt dates back to the Ptolemaic period, as proved by many legal documents. Even at present forensic physicians are government officials attached to the administration of justice. The main work of the medico-legal corps is along toxicological lines, as most of the crimes in Egypt consist of poisonings. At Cairo there is a museum of legal medicine containing a collection of toxicological material, traumatological preparations, material illustrative of various types of infanticides, etc. The main penitentiary at Tura is a magnificent structure sheltering 3,500 prisoners condemned to hard labor for a period not exceeding 25 years. The inmates produce all that the institution needs, and the surplus is sold to the public. The food and sanitary conditions in all prisons are better than those for the general public. The reformatory at Giza, sheltering 710 juveniles, is more of a model educational institution than a house of correction. All trades are taught there, and conditions are excellent. While Egyptian penal institutions are advanced on the humanitarian side, they are behind the times in anthropological-criminological matters, such as methods of identification, classification, criminal statistics, psychiatric examinations, etc.